The United States
government on March 5th said it had ordered a freeze on $458 million in
assets hidden in European accounts by former Nigerian dictator Sani Abacha and
his conspirators.
PM News reports that the Justice Department said the corruption proceeds,
stashed away in bank accounts in Britain, France and Jersey, were frozen at Washington’s
request with the help of local authorities.
Abacha died in office
in 1998, but his surviving relatives still include some of the richest and most
influential figures in Nigeria.
According to a civil forfeiture
complaint unsealed in the US District Court in Washington, the department wants
the recover more than $550 million in connection with the action.
“This is the largest civil
forfeiture action to recover the proceeds of foreign official corruption ever
brought by the department,” said Mythili Raman, acting assistant attorney
general.
“General
Abacha was one of the most notorious kleptocrats in memory, who embezzled
billions from the people of Nigeria while millions lived in poverty,” she said.
The Justice Department said the assets frozen —
along with additional assets named in the complaint — represent the “proceeds
of corruption” during and after the military regime of Abacha, who became
president of Nigeria through a military coup on November 17, 1993 and held that
office until his death on June 8, 1998.
The complaint alleges that Abacha, his son
Mohammed Sani Abacha, their associate Abubakar Atiku Bagudu and others
“embezzled, misappropriated and extorted billions from the government of
Nigeria and others, then laundered their criminal proceeds through the purchase
of bonds backed by the United States using US financial institutions.”
Raman said that the action sends a “clear
message” that the United States is “determined and equipped to confiscate the
ill-gotten riches of corrupt leaders who drain the resources of their
countries.”
The US government’s Kleptocracy Asset
Recovery Initiative “where appropriate” provides for the return of stolen
proceeds “to benefit the people harmed by these acts of corruption and abuse of
office.”
It did not specify what action would be taken
with regard to the Abacha case.
The funds frozen include approximately $313
million in two bank accounts in the Bailiwick of Jersey and $145 million in two
bank accounts in France, the department said.
Four investment portfolios and three bank
accounts in Britain were frozen, with an estimated value of at least $100
million but the exact amounts in the accounts have not yet been determined, it
said.
The Justice Department said that on February 25
and 26, authorities in Jersey, France and Britain complied with the US action
to freeze the assets.
The complaint also seeks to freeze five
corporate entities registered in the British Virgin Islands.
According to the complaint, Abacha and others
systematically embezzled billions of dollars in public funds from Nigeria’s
central bank on the false pretense that the funds were necessary for national
security. They withdrew the funds in cash and then moved the money overseas
through US financial institutions.
Abacha and his finance minister, Anthony Ani,
also allegedly caused the Nigerian government to buy Nigerian government bonds
at vastly inflated prices from a company controlled by Bagudu and Mohammed
Abacha. That operation created an an illegal windfall of more than $282
million.
In addition, Abacha and his co-conspirators
allegedly extorted more than $11 million from a French civil engineering
company, Dumez, and its Nigerian affiliate in connection with payments on
government contracts.
Funds involved in each of these schemes were
laundered through the United States in nine financial institutions, the
complaint alleged.
The financial institutions involved include
Citibank, Chase Manhattan Bank and Morgan Guaranty Trust Company, now JPMorgan
Chase, and New York-based units of Britain’s Barclays Bank and Germany’s
Commerzbank.
Last week, at a ceremony to mark the centenary
of Nigeria’s formation by colonial lords, the Nigerian government headed by
Goodluck Jonathan honoured Abacha, along with other past leaders for services
rendered to Nigeria.